Here is a concise compilation of what each of the 27 Member States defends or intends to see legislated in the scope of migration, which, according to almost all countries, has grown and compromised national scenarios:

 Germany 

Migration policy has toughened since the beginning of the year, with a reduction in financial aid, asylum application processing times, and increased border control.

The measures were adopted after municipalities responsible for hosting a million Ukrainians in 2022 and an influx of migrants from the Middle East and Africa in 2023 complained that their limits were exhausted and asked the federal government for more money.

On the other hand, the government is concerned about the situation, which benefits the far-right AfD (Alternative for Germany), as demonstrated by the increase in votes it registered in two regional elections.

Germany limits the arrival of foreigners, with controls on its borders with Poland, the Czech Republic and Switzerland, a measure that should only be imposed in exceptional cases and with the approval of Brussels.

Austria

In January, the government presented the so-called Plan for Austria, which tightened the conditions for migrants, such as the need to have resided in the country for more than five years to receive full social benefits, the replacement of cash donations with 'vouchers' for asylum seekers and the obligation for those receiving social benefits to provide community services.

The plan is, as the chancellor assumed, an imitation of what happens in Denmark, one of the toughest countries in terms of asylum and migration, and includes the deportation of foreign convicts from outside the EU to prisons abroad.

The government also restricts the movement of rejected asylum seekers to prevent them from hiding before being deported.

Austria has had a far-right political presence since the 1980s, and was the first in the European Union to have a government of this spectrum.

Belgium

The country has come to advocate greater control of the EU's external borders and has adopted more rigorous procedures for the expulsion of illegal migrants following the attack in Brussels last October, which killed two people.

In Flanders, a new migration policy was adopted on May 1, which requires companies to analyze local and regional labor markets before hiring foreign citizens.

Bulgaria

Since the beginning of the year, a new migration policy aims to strike a balance between freedom of movement of people and control of illegal immigration, after more than two years of installing walls and barbed wire fences along the border with Turkey, without managing to stop clandestine migration from increasing.

Cyprus

The country, which complains of "real invasions of Syrians", last year strengthened its policy of expelling irregular migrants, encouraging, with financial incentives, voluntary returns to countries of origin or using the EU solidarity mechanism to relocate migrants to other Member States.

Cyprus has the highest number of migrant returns 'per capita' among EU members.

The government also argues that the mandatory relocation of asylum seekers by Member States, scheduled to start in 2026, should be adopted now.

Croatia

Last July, the country agreed with Italy and Slovenia to strengthen patrols and exchange information, in view of the increase in irregular migration in the Adriatic Sea.

Since September, it has been conducting joint maritime exercises to test and improve coordination between the competent authorities for maritime rescue operations.

Croatian police are often accused of violating the human rights of migrants on the border with Bosnia.

 Denmark

The Nordic country has followed some of the toughest migration policies in Europe in recent years. Although they were initially classified as "extreme" by countries such as the United Kingdom, Sweden and Germany, they have become an example to follow in several states.

Last year, the government revoked residency permits for Syrian refugees, declaring parts of the war-torn country safe for returns, although it later backed down in the face of international reaction.

In 2021, it passed a law allowing refugees to be transferred to asylum centers in partner countries, such as Rwanda, and detained asylum seekers on a remote island.

The three candidates for the European Parliament have already admitted to agreeing with what has been followed by the executive.

This month, Denmark led a group of EU states that want the European Commission to approve the transfer of irregular migrants to third countries before they reach European shores, similar to what was done between Italy and Albania.

Spain

In April, the lower house of parliament approved a popular initiative that advocates that around 500,000 undocumented migrants be able to receive residence and work permits and have access to social benefits.

The country has an agreement with Morocco to prevent the departure of migrants from that country, especially to the Canary Islands, which the government considers to be the most relevant example of cooperation between Europe and Africa.

However, non-governmental organizations accuse Spain of having made an "externalization of borders" and not a collaboration with Morocco, and of violating international laws by returning underage migrants.

Slovenia

Slovenia is one of the countries that has reintroduced more controls on its borders (with Hungary and Croatia, on the so-called Balkan land route), claiming to be facing practically the same problems as Italy, in addition to "threats to public order and internal security" following the war between Israel and Hamas.

The country belongs to the Schengen area, where there is free movement of goods and people, but decided to adopt border controls even without prior authorization from the European Commission.

The government argues, however, that the issue of migration should be addressed through the solidarity mechanism that obliges the relocation of migrants in all EU Member States.

Slovakia

Rejects the mandatory solidarity mechanism of the EU Migration Pact, which implies redistributing migrants who arrive, mostly in southern European countries, considering that Brussels cannot determine who enters the country.

At the end of last year, it made a joint agreement with five other EU countries to intensify efforts against irregular immigration and combat human traffickers operating on its borders.

The country has also resumed controls on its border with Hungary, citing an increase in violence and shootings on the dividing line, where migrants and smugglers try to enter.

Estonia

Like other countries in the region, it was the target of a "hybrid war" strategy by Belarus, which encouraged, especially in 2021, the entry of thousands of migrants into those states to destabilize neighboring countries.

At the end of last year, the government also decided to strengthen border controls, often expelling migrants through violence.

Finland

Although it is not a country with problems of illegal migration, it has been facing an increase in the entry of undocumented migrants since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, allegedly facilitated by the Russian authorities.

The country, which shares a 1,340 km border with Russia, asked the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) for help in strengthening border control and ended up closing the crossings to that country.

At the end of April, it presented an unprecedented agreement on migration, uniting a southern country (Italy) and a northern country (Finland) for the "strengthening" of the fight against human trafficking and against the "exploitation" of migrants for political purposes.

The government also approved a tightening of migration policy, reducing asylum permits in the country, speeding up the expulsion of asylum seekers who were not accepted, reducing the reception allowance and introducing stricter requirements for obtaining citizenship.

France

France has reintroduced controls on all its internal borders of the European Union and the government has argued that the country needed to take measures "in a Europe surrounded by unstable territories".

At the end of last year, parliament approved a bill that