UN Srebrenica genocide resolution stirs ghosts
A UN resolution to mark July 11 as the International Day of Commemoration of the Srebrenica Genocide, spearheaded by Germany and Rwanda and set to be voted on Thursday, is facing strong opposition from Serbian leaders.
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Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic, who has vowed to fight the initiative "until the last moment," is in New York to try to dissuade as many member states of the UN General Assembly as possible from voting in favor of a resolution condemning the alleged Srebrenica genocide, which the Serbs have contested since 1995.
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On Tuesday, the Serbian Foreign Ministry announced that Vucic left for the United Nations headquarters in New York on Monday, accompanied by chief diplomat Marko Djuric.
Belgrade admits that it is practically impossible to prevent the adoption of the text due to the broad consensus it is expected to garner from Western and Muslim countries, but it hopes to minimize the number of endorsements.
The Serbian government opposes the text proposed by Germany and Rwanda -- also backed by more than 12 other countries -- because it believes it aims to "stigmatize" Serbs and establish a "hierarchy" of victims of the wars.
The resolution includes a proclamation of July 11 as the "International Day of Commemoration of the Srebrenica Genocide in 1995," a move that has heightened tensions simmering in the Balkans region.
In July 1995, five months before the end of the civil war that began in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the spring of 1992, about 7,500 Bosnian Muslim men and boys of fighting age were killed after Bosnian Serb forces overran the eastern enclave between July 6-11.
The Serbs sent the women and children to Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim)-held territory, and they have said that most of the victims died in combat when thousands of detainees, many of them armed, escaped from detention centers in Srebrenica and tried to break through Serb lines to territory held by the Bosnian army.
In 2004, the now-defunct International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), a UN ad hoc court based in The Hague, determined that the crimes committed in Srebrenica in July 1995 constituted genocide, a finding upheld by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the UN's highest court, in 2007.
"The Trial Chamber is satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the killing of 7,000 to 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys was genocide," the ICTY said at the time.
International justice has since convicted several top Bosnian Serb officials, including political and military leaders Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic, who are both serving life sentences.
The resolution's sponsors include the United States and the United Kingdom, along with many members of the European Union (EU) and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), as well as all of the countries that were once part of Yugoslavia except for Serbia and the Republika Srpska (RS), the Serb entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
"The pressure we are facing... is enormous," Serbian chief diplomat Marko Djuric was quoted as saying in the ministry statement.
"We are against this form of injustice, of artificially establishing the hierarchy of victims, where Serb and other victims would not be commemorated properly and where Serbia would be labeled," he said.
Djuric also warned that the resolution would "sow discord among Balkan neighbors by opening old wounds."
In response, Belgrade has already said that if the resolution is adopted, it will introduce resolutions on alleged genocides against Serbs by Nazi Germany and its Croatian allies during World War II, the Serbian president said recently.
To be adopted, the resolution needs the support of two-thirds of the 193 member states of the General Assembly. It will not be binding because it failed to pass in the UN Security Council due to expected vetoes by Russia and China, seen as close allies of Serbia.
The text to be voted on condemns "any denial of the Srebrenica genocide" and actions glorifying those convicted of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. It also urges member states to "preserve the established facts, including through their educational systems."
The resolution also asks UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to establish a program of activities and observances for the 30th anniversary of Srebrenica in 2025.
The Serbian people or the RS, the Serb entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina -- which together with the Muslim-Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a source of continuing tensions -- are not mentioned in the proposed text.
Several former ICTY prosecutors have accused Serbia and the RS of "moral cowardice" for failing to acknowledge the Srebrenica genocide finding, or their own responsibility for the conflict that led to the violent breakup of Yugoslavia from 1991.
Reacting to the text, Republika Srpska (RS) President Milorad Dodik, who has always rejected the Srebrenica genocide, said it "consists of provocations by Bosniak politicians and their sponsors in the West" with the "aim of demonizing the Serbian people."
He added that Bosnia and Herzegovina "may not survive as a unified country," arguing that the adoption of the UN resolution will "only complicate further relations in Bosnia, to the point of complete dysfunction."
For Serbia, the adoption of the text by the UN General Assembly could pose new challenges, as the Bosniak-dominated leadership of Bosnia in Sarajevo could launch a new genocide lawsuit.
In 2007, the ICJ ruled that there was not enough evidence to conclude that Serbia was responsible for genocide, but that it had failed to prevent it from happening.
Now, if the Srebrenica resolution passes at the UN, Bosniak leaders could find a third friendly country to file a new case against Belgrade.
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